TY - JOUR AU - Li, Xiaomin AU - Liu, Yang AU - Fu, Fei AU - Cheng, Mingbo AU - Liu, Yutong AU - Yu, Licheng AU - Wang, Wei AU - Wan, Yeda AU - Yuan, Zhi PY - 2019/08/19 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Single NIR Laser-Activated Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cascaded Photothermal and Oxygen-Independent Photodynamic Therapy JF - Nano-Micro Letters JA - Nano-Micro Lett VL - 11 IS - SE - Articles DO - 10.1007/s40820-019-0298-5 UR - https://www.nmlett.org/index.php/nml/article/view/171 SP - 68 AB - <p>Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT and PDT). Herein, Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH nanoparticles (NPs) are facilely developed to overcome these problems. Through a one-step method, free radical generator (AIPH) and phase transition material (lauric acid, LA, 44–46&nbsp;°C) are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles (Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> NPs). Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area, hyperthermia produced by Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> not only directly leads to cell death, but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation, which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments. Moreover, Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography (CT) imaging capability, which is important for treating area determination. The results exhibit that Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2% photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT, ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT, and 37.77&nbsp;HU&nbsp;mL&nbsp;mg<sup>−1</sup> X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality. Most importantly, the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT, PDT, and following immunotherapy is 99.6%, and even one tumor disappears completely, which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH&nbsp;NPs for the tumor therapy.</p><p>Highlights:</p><p>1 Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH nanoparticles (NPs) can realize photothermal and photodynamic therapies in a cascading manner when exposed to “one” single NIR laser.<br>2 Hyperthermia produced by Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> NPs under NIR laser irradiation cannot only be used for photothermal therapy, but also the “switch” for controlled release of AIPH and excitation of free radical at the tumor site.<br>3 Free radical produced by thermal-responsive decomposition of AIPH is oxygen-independent, which treats hypoxic tumor well and further enhances immune response.</p> ER -