TY - JOUR AU - Zhou, Lin AU - Wang, Kun AU - Sun, Hao AU - Zhao, Simin AU - Chen, Xianfeng AU - Qian, Dahong AU - Mao, Hongju AU - Zhao, Jianlong PY - 2019/03/09 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Novel Graphene Biosensor Based on the Functionalization of Multifunctional Nano-bovine Serum Albumin for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Cancer Biomarkers JF - Nano-Micro Letters JA - Nano-Micro Lett VL - 11 IS - SE - Articles DO - 10.1007/s40820-019-0250-8 UR - https://www.nmlett.org/index.php/nml/article/view/221 SP - 20 AB - <p>A simple, convenient, and highly sensitive bio-interface for graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) based on multifunctional nano-denatured bovine serum albumin (nano-dBSA) functionalization was developed to target cancer biomarkers. The novel graphene–protein bioelectronic interface was constructed by heating to denature native BSA on the graphene substrate surface. The formed nano-dBSA film served as the cross-linker to immobilize monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA mAb) on the graphene channel activated by EDC and Sulfo-NHS. The nano-dBSA film worked as a self-protecting layer of graphene to prevent surface contamination by lithographic processing. The improved GFET biosensor exhibited good specificity and high sensitivity toward the target at an ultralow concentration of 337.58&nbsp;fg&nbsp;mL<sup>−1</sup>. The electrical detection of the binding of CEA followed the Hill model for ligand–receptor interaction, indicating the negative binding cooperativity between CEA and anti-CEA mAb with a dissociation constant of 6.82 × 10<sup>−10</sup>&nbsp;M. The multifunctional nano-dBSA functionalization can confer a new function to graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and provide a promising bio-functionalization method for clinical application in biosensing, nanomedicine, and drug delivery.</p><p>Highlights:</p><p>1 A simple and convenient graphene bio-interface was designed by using multifunctional nano-denatured bovine serum albumin (nano-dBSA) film.<br>2 Highly sensitive cancer biomarker detection in diluted serum at the femtogram per milliliter level was achieved using the nano-dBSA functionalized graphene field-effect transistor.</p> ER -