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Vol. 18 (2026)

Monolithic Integration of Redox-Stable Sn–Pb Halide Perovskite Single-Crystalline Films for Durable Near-Infrared Photodetection

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01991-y
Rajendra Kumar Gunasekaran
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Jihoon Nam
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Myeong‑geun Choi
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Won Chang Choi
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Sunwoo Kim
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Doyun Im
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Yeonghun Yun
Department Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
Yun Hwa Hong
Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University (SJU), Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Sang Hyeok Ryou
Department of Physics, Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Hyungwoo Lee
Department of Physics, Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Kwang Heo
Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University (SJU), Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Sangwook Lee
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea

Corresponding Author: Sangwook Lee

wook2@knu.ac.kr

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 141

Abstract

Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) halide perovskite single crystals combine narrow bandgaps, long carrier diffusion lengths, and low trap densities, positioning them as ideal candidates for near-infrared (NIR) optoelectronics. However, conventional growth strategies rely on bulk crystallization at elevated temperatures, leading to uncontrolled nucleation, Sn2+ oxidation, and poor compatibility with planar integration. Here, we develop a coordination-engineered crystallization strategy that enables direct, low-temperature growth of micrometer-thick Sn–Pb single-crystal thin films on device-compatible substrates. By modulating metal–solvent coordination strength using a low-donor number cosolvent system, we delineate a narrow processing window that stabilizes precursor speciation, lowers the nucleation barrier, and guides directional crystal growth under mild thermal conditions (< 40 °C). The resulting crystal films exhibit smooth morphology, high crystallinity, compositional uniformity, and ultralow trap densities (~ 3.98 × 1012 cm−3). When integrated into NIR photodetectors, these films deliver high responsivity (0.51 A W−1 at 900 nm), specific detectivity up to 3.6 × 1012 Jones, fast response (~ 188 μs), and > 25,000 cycles of ambient operational stability. This approach establishes a scalable platform for redox-stable, low-temperature growth of Sn–Pb perovskite crystal films and expands the processing–structure–function landscape for next-generation infrared optoelectronics.


Highlights:
1 Cosolvent-coordinated crystallization at ≤40 °C enables planar integration of micrometer-thick Sn–Pb single-crystal films with high structural and composition integrity.
2 A tailored solvent matrix yields thickness-tunable single-crystal thin films with ultralow trap densities (~3.98 × 1012 cm−3) and robust ambient stability.
3 Integrated near-infrared photodetectors achieve 73.8% EQE, 0.51 A W−1 responsivity, 3.6 × 1012 Jones specific detectivity, and stable performance over 25,000 cycles.

Keywords

Tin–lead perovskite Near-infrared photodetectors Single-crystal thin films Coordination chemistry Low-temperature crystallization
Gunasekaran, Rajendra Kumar, Jihoon Nam, Myeong‑geun Choi, Won Chang Choi, Sunwoo Kim, Doyun Im, Yeonghun Yun, Yun Hwa Hong, Sang Hyeok Ryou, Hyungwoo Lee, Kwang Heo, and Sangwook Lee. 2026. “Monolithic Integration of Redox-Stable Sn–Pb Halide Perovskite Single-Crystalline Films for Durable Near-Infrared Photodetection”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01991-y.
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