Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Hydrogel Electrolytes for Zinc-Ion Batteries: Materials Design, Functional Strategies, and Future Perspectives

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01993-w
Zhengchu Zhang
Present Address: Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
Yongbiao Mu
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Lijuan Xiao
MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials (Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
Hengyuan Hu
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Tao Xue
MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials (Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
Limin Zang
MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials (Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
Eiichi Sakai
Present Address: Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
Meisheng Han
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Chao Yang
MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials (Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
Lin Zeng
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Jianhui Qiu
Present Address: Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan

Corresponding Author: Jianhui Qiu

qiu@akita-pu.ac.jp

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 139

Abstract

With the escalating demand for safe, sustainable, and high-performance energy storage systems, hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries. By integrating the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with the mechanical robustness of solid frameworks, hydrogel electrolytes offer distinct advantages in suppressing zinc dendrite formation, enhancing interfacial stability, and enabling reliable operation under extreme environmental conditions. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics and design criteria of hydrogel electrolytes, including mechanical flexibility, ionic transport capabilities, and environmental adaptability. It further explores various compositional design strategies involving natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and composite systems, as well as the incorporation of electrolyte salts and functional additives. In addition, recent advances in functional optimization, such as anti-freezing properties, self-healing abilities, thermal responsiveness, and biocompatibility, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the review outlines the current challenges and proposes potential directions for future research.


Highlights:
1 Provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties and structural components of hydrogel electrolytes, systematically summarizing key material elements and performance tuning strategies.
2 Focuses on the functional characteristics of hydrogel electrolytes, outlining mechanisms for enhanced performance and adaptability across diverse application scenarios.
3 Analyzes the core challenges currently facing hydrogel electrolytes and proposes future development pathways centered on green, safe, and multifunctional integrated optimization.

Keywords

Zinc-ion batteries Hydrogel electrolytes Dendrite growth Functional optimization strategy
Zhang, Zhengchu, Yongbiao Mu, Lijuan Xiao, Hengyuan Hu, Tao Xue, Limin Zang, Eiichi Sakai, Meisheng Han, Chao Yang, Lin Zeng, and Jianhui Qiu. 2026. “Hydrogel Electrolytes for Zinc-Ion Batteries: Materials Design, Functional Strategies, and Future Perspectives”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01993-w.
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