Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Scalable Manufacturing and Precise Patterning of Perovskites for Light-Emitting Diodes

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02012-8
Shuaiqi Liu
Smart Manufacturing Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Systems Hub, Guangzhou 511458, People’s Republic of China
Hao Jiang
Smart Manufacturing Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Systems Hub, Guangzhou 511458, People’s Republic of China
Jizhuang Wang
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Li Liu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Zhiwen Zhou
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077 Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Mojun Chen
Smart Manufacturing Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Systems Hub, Guangzhou 511458, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Mojun Chen

mjchen@hkust-gz.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 183

Abstract

Owing to the exceptional optoelectronic properties, metal halide perovskites have emerged as leading semiconductor materials for next-generation display technologies, providing perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) great potential for high-quality color displays with a wide color gamut and pure color emission. Although laboratory-scale PeLEDs have achieved near-theoretical efficiencies, challenges such as achieving uniform large-area films, improving material stability, and enhancing patterning precision remain barriers to commercialization. This review presents a systematic analysis of scalable manufacturing and precision patterning strategies for PeLEDs, focusing on their applications in large-area lighting and full-color displays. Fabrication methods are categorized into film deposition techniques (spin-coating, blade-coating, and thermal evaporation) and patterning strategies, including top-down (photolithography, laser/e-beam lithography, and nanoimprinting) and bottom-up (patterned crystal growth, inkjet printing, and electrohydrodynamic jet printing) approaches. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of each strategy, highlight current challenges, and outlook possible pathways towards scalable, high-performance PeLEDs for advanced optoelectronic applications.


Highlights:
1 This review provides a comprehensive exploration of advanced film and patterning fabrication techniques for high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs).
2 This review examines both top-down and bottom-up techniques, such as photolithography and inkjet printing to achieve precise patterning of PeLEDs for full-color displays.
3 This review discusses critical challenges, including device stability, scalable manufacturing, and microscale pixel patterning, as well as promising strategies to overcome these obstacles for the commercialization of PeLEDs.

Keywords

Perovskite materials Scalable manufacturing Precise patterning Light-emitting diodes
Liu, Shuaiqi, Hao Jiang, Jizhuang Wang, Li Liu, Zhiwen Zhou, and Mojun Chen. 2026. “Scalable Manufacturing and Precise Patterning of Perovskites for Light-Emitting Diodes”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02012-8.
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