Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Thermally Drawn Flexible Fiber Sensors: Principles, Materials, Structures, and Applications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01840-y
ZhaoLun Zhang
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Yuchang Xue
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Pengyu Zhang
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Xiao Yang
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Xishun Wang
Department of Orthopedics, Capital Center For Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People’s Republic of China
Chunyang Wang
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Haisheng Chen
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Xinghua Zheng
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
Xin Yin
Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
Ting Zhang
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Ting Zhang

zhangting@iet.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 4

Abstract

Flexible fiber sensors, with their excellent wearability and biocompatibility, are essential components of flexible electronics. However, traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost, large-scale fiber sensors. In recent years, the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced, offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors. Through the preform-to-fiber manufacturing technique, a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time. Examples include temperature, acoustic, mechanical, chemical, biological, optoelectronic, and multifunctional sensors, which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance, capacitance, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, photoelectricity, and thermoelectricity. This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors. Finally, the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.


Highlights:
1 The review briefly introduces the principle, material selection criteria, and development of the thermal drawing process.
2 Based on different stimuli, the review comprehensively summarizes the latest progress in thermally drawn temperature, acoustic, mechanical, chemical, biological, optoelectronic, and multifunctional sensors.
3 The review discusses the future development trends of thermally drawn fiber sensors in terms of material, structure, fabrication, function, and stability.

Keywords

Thermally drawn fiber sensors Sensing principles Temperature sensors Mechanical sensors Multifunctional sensors
Zhang, ZhaoLun, Yuchang Xue, Pengyu Zhang, Xiao Yang, Xishun Wang, Chunyang Wang, Haisheng Chen, Xinghua Zheng, Xin Yin, and Ting Zhang. 2025. “Thermally Drawn Flexible Fiber Sensors: Principles, Materials, Structures, and Applications”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (July):4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01840-y.
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