Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Emerging Role of 2D Materials in Photovoltaics: Efficiency Enhancement and Future Perspectives

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01869-z
Ghulam Dastgeer
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Muhammad Wajid Zulfiqar
Department of Optical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Sobia Nisar
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Rimsha Zulfiqar
Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 44000, Pakistan
Muhammad Imran
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, 61421 Abha, Saudi Arabia
Swagata Panchanan
Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
Subhajit Dutta
Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Kamran Akbar
Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu 641419, People’s Republic of China
Alberto Vomiero
Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
Zhiming Wang
Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu 641419, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Zhiming Wang

zhmwang@uestc.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 32

Abstract

The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean, efficient and sustainable energy solutions. Among emerging technologies, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities. This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials, focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment, enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability. A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials, with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization, passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency. Additionally, the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined, particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification. Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells, including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance, is also explored. Finally, the review outlines key challenges, material limitations and performance metrics, offering insight into the future development of next-generation photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.


Highlights:
1 A novel strategy employs 2D materials to construct cascaded band alignment, enabling efficient charge transport and reducing energy loss.
2 An innovative approach utilizes donor–acceptor blends; active layer morphology and interfacial engineering minimize charge recombination to enable high performance and long-term device stability.
3 This review uniquely consolidates the roles of 2D materials as electron transport layers and hole transport layers across three major classes of solar cells: perovskite, organic and dye-sensitized solar cells.

Keywords

2D materials Photovoltaics Interface engineering Work function tuning Energy harvesting
Dastgeer, Ghulam, Muhammad Wajid Zulfiqar, Sobia Nisar, Rimsha Zulfiqar, Muhammad Imran, Swagata Panchanan, Subhajit Dutta, Kamran Akbar, Alberto Vomiero, and Zhiming Wang. 2025. “Emerging Role of 2D Materials in Photovoltaics: Efficiency Enhancement and Future Perspectives”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (August):32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01869-z.
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