Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Flexible High-Aspect-Ratio COF Nanofibers: Defect-Engineered Synthesis, Superelastic Aerogels, and Uranium Extraction Applications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01984-x
Binbin Fan
College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Jianyong Yu
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Xueli Wang
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Yang Si
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Peixin Tang
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Peixin Tang

pxtang@dhu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 142

Abstract

The lack of macro-continuity and mechanical strength of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has significantly limited their practical applications. Here, we propose an “alcohol-triggered defect cleavage” strategy to precisely regulate the growth and stacking of COF grains through a moderate reversed Schiff base reaction, realizing the direct synthesis of COF nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratio (L/D = 103.05) and long length (> 20 μm). An individual CNF exhibits a biomimetic scale-like architecture, achieving superior flexibility and fatigue resistance under dynamic bending via a multiscale stress dissipation mechanism. Taking advantages of these structural features, we engineer CNF aerogels (CNF-As) with programmable porous structures (e.g., honeycomb, lamellar, isotropic) via directional ice-template methodology. CNF-As demonstrate 100% COF content, high specific surface area (396.15 m2 g−1) and superelasticity (~ 0% elastic deformation after 500 compression cycles at 50% strain), outperforming most COF-based counterparts. Compared with the conventional COF aerogels, the unique structural features of CNF-A enable it to perform outstandingly in uranium extraction, with an 11.72-fold increment in adsorption capacity (920.12 mg g−1) and adsorption rate (89.9%), and a 2.48-fold improvement in selectivity (U/V = 2.31). This study provides a direct strategy for the development of next-generation COF materials with outstanding functionality and structural robustness.


Highlights:
1 Covalent organic framework nanofibers (CNFs) with biomimetic scale-like architecture, record-high aspect ratio (L/D = 103.05), and superior flexibility were directly synthesized via defect engineering.
2 Self-standing membranes and nanofibrous aerogels (CNF-As) with designable micro-topological structures were fabricated with 100% CNFs.
3 CNF-As perform photo-induced uranium extraction with an adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of 920.12 mg g−1 and 89.9%, respectively.
4 CNF-As exhibit superior underwater stability (> 180 days) and superelasticity (~ 0% deformation after 500 compression cycles), making them promising for practical application in marine systems.

Keywords

Defect cleavage COF nanofibers Flexibility Aerogels Uranium extraction
Fan, Binbin, Jianyong Yu, Xueli Wang, Yang Si, and Peixin Tang. 2026. “Flexible High-Aspect-Ratio COF Nanofibers: Defect-Engineered Synthesis, Superelastic Aerogels, and Uranium Extraction Applications”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01984-x.
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