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Vol. 18 (2026)

Bright Sparks of Single-Atom and Nano-Islands in Catalysis: Breaking Activity-Stability Trade-Off

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01978-9
Xinyu Liu
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Suhua Chen
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Shenglian Luo
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Bo Li
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Jiajie Wang
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Gaoxia Zhang
Carbon Neutrality Research Institute of Power China Jiangxi Electric Power Construction Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330001, People’s Republic of China
Yuqi Zhu
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Jianping Zou
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Bo Li

bondboli@163.com

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 149

Abstract

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties, the highest atom utilization efficiency, and uniform active sites. SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications: the opposing contradiction of activity-stability. The successful development of single-atom nano-islands (SANIs) cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures, realizing the “moving but not aggregation” of SACs, which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction. Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance, existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing “models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications.” This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs, focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs, elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence, and establishing the structure–activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance, ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems. This review aims to open new perspectives, drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs, and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.


Highlights:
1 Single-atom nano-islands architecture enables “moving but not aggregation” of single atoms, fundamentally overcoming the inherent activity-stability trade-off in single-atom catalysts.
2 Systematic synthesis strategies and multi-scale stabilization mechanisms for single-atom nano-islands are detailed, including one-step and two-step approaches, alongside electronic structure modulation via nano-island interactions.
3 Single-atom nano-islands demonstrate exceptional performance across diverse catalytic applications, including batteries, clean energy production, chemical synthesis, and environmental catalysis, establishing robust structure-activity relationships.

Keywords

Single-atom catalysts Nano-islands Bright sparks Mechanisms Interactions
Liu, Xinyu, Suhua Chen, Shenglian Luo, Bo Li, Jiajie Wang, Gaoxia Zhang, Yuqi Zhu, and Jianping Zou. 2026. “Bright Sparks of Single-Atom and Nano-Islands in Catalysis: Breaking Activity-Stability Trade-Off”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01978-9.
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