Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Enabling Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics via A Multidentate Molecular Anchor Additive

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02098-8
Liangding Zheng
Institute of International Rivers and Eco‑Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
Tai Wu
The Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Lei Yang
Institute of International Rivers and Eco‑Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
Yong Hua
Institute of International Rivers and Eco‑Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yong Hua

huayong@ynu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 250

Abstract

Suppressing formamidinium (FA) loss and perovskite phase degradation is very crucial for achieving highly efficient and long-term stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel multifunctional additive (ZL1) to stabilize α-FAPbI3 perovskite phase through synergistic multisite interactions: i its F atoms form F···H–N hydrogen bonds with FA+, (ii) its phenyl rings participate in cation–π interactions with FA+, (iii) the C=O and S groups coordinate Pb2+ through Lewis acid–base interactions, and (iv) the NH groups engage I− anions through N–H···I hydrogen bonding. Consequently, ZL1 molecule can effectively suppress FA loss and optimizes perovskite crystallization kinetics, yielding high-quality and stable α-FAPbI3 perovskite films with enlarged grain sizes and reduced defect density. Meanwhile, ZL1 treatment promotes exciton dissociation, facilitates hole extraction from the perovskite layer into the hole transport layer, and reduces charge carrier recombination in device. The ZL1-modified device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 26.13%, significantly outperforming the control device (24.20%). A similar improvement is observed in wide-bandgap PSCs, with efficiency increasing from 18.44% to 20.53% after ZL1 treatment. Notably, the unencapsulated ZL1-based devices exhibit exceptional operational stability under both illumination and thermal conditions.


Highlights:
1 A novel multifunctional additive (ZL1) enables formamidinium loss suppression and perovskite stabilization via synergistic multisite interactions.
2 ZL1 demonstrates defect passivation, enhanced charge carrier extraction, and reduced charge recombination.
3 The optimized devices exhibit a high champion efficiency of 26.13%, combined with robust photothermal stability.

Keywords

Perovskite solar cell Additive Charge carrier Dynamics
Zheng, Liangding, Tai Wu, Lei Yang, and Yong Hua. 2026. “Enabling Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics via A Multidentate Molecular Anchor Additive”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (February):250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02098-8.
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