Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Down-Top Strategy Engineered Large-Scale Fluorographene/PBO Nanofibers Composite Papers with Excellent Wave-Transparent Performance and Thermal Conductivity

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01878-y
Yuhan Lin
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Lin Tang
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis Materials and Technology, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People’s Republic of China
Mingshun Jia
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Mukun He
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Junliang Zhang
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-4534
Yusheng Tang
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Junwei Gu
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Junwei Gu

gjw@nwpu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 35

Abstract

With the miniaturization and high-frequency evolution of antennas in 5G/6G communications, aerospace, and transportation, polymer composite papers integrating superior wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity for radar antenna systems are urgently needed. Herein, a down-top strategy was employed to synthesize poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) precursor nanofibers (prePNF). The prePNF was then uniformly mixed with fluorinated graphene (FG) to fabricate FG/PNF composite papers through consecutively suction filtration, hot-pressing, and thermal annealing. The hydroxyl and amino groups in prePNF enhanced the stability of FG/prePNF dispersion, while the increased π-π interactions between PNF and FG after annealing improved their compatibility. The preparation time and cost of PNF paper was significantly reduced when applying this strategy, which enabled its large-scale production. Furthermore, the prepared FG/PNF composite papers exhibited excellent wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity. When the mass fraction of FG was 40 wt%, the FG/PNF composite paper prepared via the down-top strategy achieved the wave-transparent coefficient (|T|2) of 96.3% under 10 GHz, in-plane thermal conductivity (λ∥) of 7.13 W m−1 K−1, and through-plane thermal conductivity (λ⊥) of 0.67 W m−1 K−1, outperforming FG/PNF composite paper prepared by the top-down strategy (|T|2 = 95.9%, λ∥ = 5.52 W m−1 K−1, λ⊥ = 0.52 W m−1 K−1) and pure PNF paper (|T|2 = 94.7%, λ∥ = 3.04 W m−1 K−1, λ⊥ = 0.24 W m−1 K−1). Meanwhile, FG/PNF composite paper (with 40 wt% FG) through the down-top strategy also demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties with tensile strength and toughness reaching 197.4 MPa and 11.6 MJ m−3, respectively.


Highlights:
1 The down-top strategy enables large-scale production of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofiber (PNF) paper with excellent intrinsic wave-transparent performance, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength while significantly reduces the preparation time and cost.
2 Fluorinated graphene (FG)/PNF composite papers exhibit superior wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity. When the mass fraction of FG is 40 wt%, its |T|² reaches 96.3% under 10 GHz while λ∥ and λ⊥ increase to 7.13 and 0.67 W m-1 K-1, respectively.
3 FG/PNF composite paper with 40 wt% of FG also displays excellent mechanical properties, with the tensile strength and toughness reaching 197.4 MPa and 11.6 MJ m-3, respectively.

Keywords

PBO nanofibers Fluorinated graphene Wave-transparency Thermal conductivity
Lin, Yuhan, Lin Tang, Mingshun Jia, Mukun He, Junliang Zhang, Yusheng Tang, and Junwei Gu. 2025. “Down-Top Strategy Engineered Large-Scale Fluorographene/PBO Nanofibers Composite Papers With Excellent Wave-Transparent Performance and Thermal Conductivity”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (August):35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01878-y.
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