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Vol. 18 (2026)

Coordination Thermodynamic Control of Magnetic Domain Configuration Evolution toward Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Attenuation

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01948-1
Tong Huang
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Dan Wang
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Xue He
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
Zhaobo Feng
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Zhiqiang Xiong
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Yuqi Luo
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Yuhui Peng
Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Guangsheng Luo
School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
Xuliang Nie
College of Chemistry & Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People’s Republic of China
Mingyue Yuan
Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
Chongbo Liu
Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, People’s Republic of China
Renchao Che
Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Renchao Che

rcche@fudan.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 104

Abstract

The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and spacing directly influences the alignment of intrinsic magnetic moments and magnetic domains, thereby shaping magnetic properties. However, the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic (EM) attenuation behavior remain poorly understood. To address this gap, a thermodynamically controlled periodic coordination strategy is proposed to achieve precise modulation of magnetic nanoparticle spacing. This approach unveils the evolution of magnetic domain configurations, progressing from individual to coupled and ultimately to crosslinked domain configurations. A unique magnetic coupling phenomenon surpasses the Snoek limit in low-frequency range, which is observed through micromagnetic simulation. The crosslinked magnetic configuration achieves effective low-frequency EM wave absorption at 3.68 GHz, encompassing nearly the entire C-band. This exceptional magnetic interaction significantly enhances radar camouflage and thermal insulation properties. Additionally, a robust gradient metamaterial design extends coverage across the full band (2–40 GHz), effectively mitigating the impact of EM pollution on human health and environment. This comprehensive study elucidates the evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations, addresses gaps in dynamic magnetic modulation, and provides novel insights for the development of high-performance, low-frequency EM wave absorption materials.


Highlights:
1 A periodic coordination thermodynamical strategy is proposed to modulate magnetic domain configurations, which is visualized by micromagnetic simulation and off-axis electron holography.
2 The built-in electric field at the Fe-injected Ni/N-doped carbon aerogel (NF/NCA) interface, together with magnetic coupling, significantly enhances low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption properties, as validated by an equivalent circuit model.
3 NF@NCA composites offer additional radar stealth and thermal insulation performances, suitable for extreme temperature conditions; and a "robust" gradient metamaterial achieves 2–40 GHz absorption.

Keywords

Thermodynamically controlled coordination strategy Magnetic domain configuration Low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption Electrical/magnetic coupling Multifunction
Huang, Tong, Dan Wang, Xue He, Zhaobo Feng, Zhiqiang Xiong, Yuqi Luo, Yuhui Peng, Guangsheng Luo, Xuliang Nie, Mingyue Yuan, Chongbo Liu, and Renchao Che. 2026. “Coordination Thermodynamic Control of Magnetic Domain Configuration Evolution Toward Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Attenuation”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01948-1.
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