Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Review on Cathode Stabilization by Electrolyte Engineering in Aqueous Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02048-w
Ronggen Zhang
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Xu Liu
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Na Gao
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Dandan Yin
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Xingwang Chen
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Hongyang Zhao
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
Shujiang Ding
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Shujiang Ding

dingsj@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 226

Abstract

The stability of cathode materials is a crucial factor that influence the overall performance of aqueous batteries. Electrolyte greatly influences on the stability of cathode material due to the complexed electrochemical–chemical reactions at the interfaces. Therefore, electrolyte engineering is a direct and powerful way to solve various problems at aqueous electrolyte interfaces. In this review article, we firstly summarized the fading mechanisms of different kinds of state-of-the-art aqueous battery cathodes including manganese/vanadium-based material, chalcogen and halogen materials, Prussian blue analogues, and Ni(OH)2 cathodes. Afterward, we reviewed recent progresses on electrolyte engineering on the stability of cathode materials such as bulk electrolyte modification, electrolyte additives, water-in-salt electrolytes, and hydrogel electrolytes. Finally, we proposed the issues that should be concerned in future electrolyte design for highly state aqueous battery cathodes.


Highlights:
1 The fading mechanisms of different kinds of state-of-the-art aqueous battery cathodes including manganese/vanadium-based material, chalcogen and halogen materials, Prussian blue analogues, as well as Ni(OH)2 cathodes were summarized.
2 Recent progresses on electrolyte engineering on the stability of cathode materials such as bulk electrolyte modification, electrolyte additives, water-in-salt electrolytes, and hydrogel electrolytes were systematically reviewed.
3 The issues that should be concerned in future electrolyte design for highly state aqueous battery cathodes were proposed.

Keywords

Aqueous battery Cathode materials Electrolyte modification
Zhang, Ronggen, Xu Liu, Na Gao, Dandan Yin, Xingwang Chen, Hongyang Zhao, and Shujiang Ding. 2026. “Review on Cathode Stabilization by Electrolyte Engineering in Aqueous Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02048-w.
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