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Vol. 17 (2025)

Anisotropic Hygroscopic Hydrogels with Synergistic Insulation-Radiation-Evaporation for High-Power and Self-Sustained Passive Daytime Cooling

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01766-5
Xiuli Dong
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Kit‑Ying Chan
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Xuemin Yin
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Yu Zhang
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Xiaomeng Zhao
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Yunfei Yang
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Zhenyu Wang
School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
Xi Shen
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Xi Shen

xi.shen@polyu.edu.hk

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 240

Abstract

Hygroscopic hydrogel is a promising evaporative-cooling material for high-power passive daytime cooling with water self-regeneration. However, undesired solar and environmental heating makes it a challenge to maintain sub-ambient daytime cooling. While different strategies have been developed to mitigate heat gains, they inevitably sacrifice the evaporation and water regeneration due to highly coupled thermal and vapor transport. Here, an anisotropic synergistically performed insulation-radiation-evaporation (ASPIRE) cooler is developed by leveraging a dual-alignment structure both internal and external to the hydrogel for coordinated thermal and water transport. The ASPIRE cooler achieves an impressive average sub-ambient cooling temperature of ~ 8.2 °C and a remarkable peak cooling power of 311 W m−2 under direct sunlight. Further examining the cooling mechanism reveals that the ASPIRE cooler reduces the solar and environmental heat gains without comprising the evaporation. Moreover, self-sustained multi-day cooling is possible with water self-regeneration at night under both clear and cloudy days. The synergistic design provides new insights toward high-power, sustainable, and all-weather passive cooling applications.


Highlights:
1 Inspired by human skin structure, an anisotropic synergistically performed insulation-radiation-evaporation cooler is developed by leveraging a dual-alignment structure both internal and external to the hydrogel.
2 The coordinated thermal and water transport through multiscale engineering contributed to high-power synergistic passive cooling in the day and water self-regeneration at night.
3 The cooler achieved an impressive cooling power of 311 W m−2 and an average sub-ambient cooling temperature of ~8.2 °C under direct sunlight.

Keywords

Evaporative cooling Radiative cooling Thermal insulation Hydrogel Aerogel
Dong, Xiuli, Kit‑Ying Chan, Xuemin Yin, Yu Zhang, Xiaomeng Zhao, Yunfei Yang, Zhenyu Wang, and Xi Shen. 2025. “Anisotropic Hygroscopic Hydrogels With Synergistic Insulation-Radiation-Evaporation for High-Power and Self-Sustained Passive Daytime Cooling”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (April):240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01766-5.
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